血清叶酸与口腔癌发病关联的病例对照研究

  目的   探讨血清叶酸与口腔癌发病的关系。   方法   采用病例对照的研究方法, 收集福建医科大学附属第一医院2010年9月-2018年1月经病理确诊的口腔癌新发病例225例为病例组, 收集同时期社区和医院体检的健康人群225例为对照组。采用非条件Logistic回归分析模型, 分析血清叶酸与口腔癌发病风险的OR及其95% CI值, 并进行分层分析和相乘交互作用分析。   结果   病例组血清叶酸中位数为5.7 ng/ml, 低于对照组的8.2 ng/ml(P < 0.001), 差异有统计学意义; 无论性别、吸烟与否及摄入蔬菜水果的频次多少, 血清叶酸水平与口腔癌的发病风险均存在负相关; 叶酸与性别、吸烟、摄入蔬菜、水果在口腔癌的发生中存在相乘交互作用。   结论   高血清叶酸水平与口腔癌的发病风险呈负相关, 保证适量叶酸摄入、减少烟草消耗和适量增加蔬菜水果可能降低口腔癌的发病风险。     

外周血NLR和HWR水平对非手术食管鳞癌患者预后的影响

目的 评价治疗前中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值（neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio,NLR）和血红蛋白与白细胞比值（hemoglobin-to-white blood cell ratio,HWR）对非手术治疗食管鳞癌（esophageal squamous cell carcinoma,ESCC）患者预后的影响。方法 对2009年10月~2014年11月在漳州市医院收治的362名非手术治疗食管鳞癌患者进行前瞻性分析。χ2检验分析NLR和HWR与患者一般临床特征之间的相关性;Cox比例风险回归模型进行单因素和多因素分析。结果 NLR和HWR最佳分界点分别为1.23和24.92;χ2检验分析结果表明,NLR与患者的性别、肿瘤长度、T分期、临床分期和空腹血糖水平相关;Cox单因素和多因素分析显示,高NLR和高HWR都与患者的不良预后有关;按不同治疗方式进行分层分析,提示NLR只在同期放化疗组中显示与患者预后相关（HR=4.080,95%CI:1.074~15.497,P=0.039）,而HWR只在序贯放化疗组显示与患者预后相关（HR=2.625,95%CI:1.311~5.254,P=0.006）。结论 治疗前高NLR和高HWR均与非手术治疗食管鳞癌患者的不良预后有关。     

血浆miRNA表达与儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病风险的关联研究

目的 探讨miRNA在儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病（cALL）病例血浆中的表达分布特征,分析其与cALL发病风险之间的关系,并判断miRNA作为cALL诊断标记物的可行性。方法 采用病例对照方法,收集2015年1月至2016年11月在深圳市儿童医院确诊初发cALL和骨折病例作为对照各111例,按性别相同和年龄（±1岁）进行1：1匹配,并从中选择4对cALL病例和对照进行LNA^TM miRNA表达谱芯片检测。采用实时定量PCR验证miRNA表达水平,利用条件logistic回归分析miRNA与cALL发病风险之间的关系,以受试者工作特征曲线（ROC）和重新分类方法分析miRNA作为cALL生物标志物的可行性。结果 芯片筛选出204个差异表达的miRNA。根据入选条件,纳入let-7f-5p、miR-5100、miR-25-3p和miR-3654进行实时定量PCR。病例组let-7f-5p、miR-5100和miR-25-3p的表达水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。在调整混杂因素后,这3个miRNA仍然与cALL的发生存在关联[OR值和95%CI分别为0.84（0.76~0.92）、0.81（0.73~0.90）、0.81（0.74~0.89）]。ROC和重新分类法结果显示与传统危险因素模型相比,加入1个或≥ 2个miRNA均增加曲线下面积（P<0.05）,且模型诊断均有增加价值作用（P<0.01）。结论 let-7f-5p、miR-5100、miR-25-3p的表达水平与cALL的发生关联,可作为cALL的生物标志物。     

The mandibular symmetry evaluation of total temporomandibular joint replacement on developing sheep

ObjectiveTo evaluate the mandibular symmetry effect of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) replacement by surgicase5.0 software.MethodsSix developing sheep were included in our study. Spiral computed tomography (CT) data of all sheep was obtained and transformed into 3-dimensional model by surgicase5.0 software preoperatively. 3-dimensional resin skull models were obtained and total TMJ prostheses were made. The right sides of all sheep were carried out operation based on preoperative planning as the experimental group, while the left sides were as the control group. CT scanning was performed one, four and twelve weeks after operation. Ramus heights (RH), mandibularbody length (ML), condyle-incisor (CI) and supramental-condyle (BC) of both experimental and control group were measured to be compared by Wilcoxon Signed Rank. Meanwhile those measurements were also compared with preoperative counterpart by Wilcoxon Signed Rank respectively.ResultsAll animals were alive to the end of this experiment with normal eating. There were significant differences for RH, CI, BC between the experimental and control group after twelve weeks. The comparison before and after operation on experimental group showed that there was significant difference on ML, CI and BC after four and twelve weeks. The comparison on control group showed that there was significant difference on ML, CI, BC after four weeks and RH, ML, CI, BC after twelve weeks.ConclusionIn conclusion, we deduce that sheep carried out by custom-made TMJ prosthesis can eat well. However the long term results of total TMJ replacement on developing sheep may not be very good.     

Anti-Müllerian hormone participates in ovarian granulosa cell damage due to cadmium exposure by negatively regulating stem cell factor

Cadmium is involved in female gonadal toxicity. Although many studies concur in suggesting a significant influence on female reproduction, the mechanisms of action are still needed to study. This study was designed to examine the characteristics of 0, 5, 10, and 20 μM cadmium toxicity in granulosa cells culture for 12 h, and the subsequent effect of cadmium exposure on AMH production and formation. Here we demonstrate that the viability of granulosa cells cadmium exposed was decreased, and the apoptosis was increased. Intriguingly, After exposure to cadmium the SCF was decreased and the AMH was increased in granulosa cells. This study may demonstrate that AMH signaling is involved in Cd action through SCF activation. The signaling pathways may play a role in the reproductive effects caused by environmental and occupational exposures to Cd. These results further confirm the functional significance of AMH signaling in mediating the intraovarian actions of Cd.     

Immunization stress-related response – Redefining immunization anxiety-related reaction as an adverse event following immunization

The Council for the International Organizations of Medical Sciences (CIOMS) and WHO working group on pharmacovigilance defines five cause specific AEFI which includes an immunization anxiety-related reaction. Historically this term has been used to describe a range of symptoms and signs that may arise after immunization that are related to “anxiety” about the immunization. However, the term “anxiety” does not adequately capture all the elements of this cause specific AEFI. In 2015, the Global Advisory Committee for Vaccine Safety convened an expert working group with the purpose of redefining, preventing and managing this particular AEFI. The term “Immunization Stress-Related Response” is proposed to replace the former terminology. We present a manual that redefines this AEFI and present a framework for prevention, diagnosis and management in both an individual and also when such events occur as clusters and affect multiple individuals. Since such mass events can result in cessation of immunization programmes and/or a loss of public confidence, a communication response is essential.     

IFN-gamma AU-rich element removal promotes chronic IFN-gamma expression and autoimmunity in mice

We generated a mouse model with a 162 nt AU-rich element (ARE) region deletion in the 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR) of the interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) gene that results in chronic circulating serum IFN-γ levels. Mice homozygous for the ARE deletion (ARE-Del) ^−/− present both serologic and cellular abnormalities typical of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). ARE-Del^−/− mice display increased numbers of pDCs in bone marrow and spleen. Addition of IFN-γ to Flt3-ligand (Flt3L) treated in vitro bone marrow cultures results in a 2-fold increase in pDCs with concurrent increases in IRF8 expression. Marginal zone B (MZB) cells and marginal zone macrophages (MZMs) are absent in ARE-Del^−/− mice. ARE-Del^+/− mice retain both MZB cells and MZMs and develop no or mild autoimmunity. However, low dose clodronate treatment in ARE-Del^+/− mice specifically eliminates MZMs and promotes anti-DNA antibody development and glomerulonephritis. Our findings demonstrate the consequences of a chronic IFN-γ milieu on B220⁺ cell types and in particular the impact of MZB cell loss on MZM function in autoimmunity. Furthermore, similarities between disease states in ARE-Del^−/− mice and SLE patients suggest that IFN-γ may not only be a product of SLE but may be critical for disease onset and progression.     

Sociodemographic and Lifestyle Factors in Relation to Gastric Cancer in a High-Risk Region of China: A Matched Case–Control Study

Abstract

Objectives: To explore the role of sociodemographic and lifestyle factors in the development of gastric cancer in a high-risk region of China.

Methods: In a case–control study, all newly diagnosed patients with gastric cancer were compared with healthy controls matched (1:1) by sex, age (±3?years), and place of residence during 2013–2017.

Results: A total of 622 gastric cancer and 622 healthy controls were included. Larger household size (>4 family members) appeared to decrease gastric cancer risk for Helicobacter pylori-negative ones (odd ratio?=?0.43, 95% CI?=?0.26–0.70). Similarly, longer refrigerator ownership was associated with a 67% decreased risk in H. pylori-negative group (95% CI?=?0.15–0.77). Participants with a family history of gastric cancer had nearly fivefold higher risk (odd ratio?=?4.88, 95% CI?=?2.49–9.55). Smoking attributed to 83% increased risk (odd ratio?=?1.83, 95% CI?=?1.19–2.80). Tea consumption dramatically decreased risk in whole study population (odd ratio?=?0.28, 95% CI?=?0.17–0.45).

Conclusions: In summary, family history, smoking, H. pylori-related chronic atrophic gastritis, and H. pylori infection were positively associated with gastric cancer. Whereas, tea consumption and refrigerator use negatively associated with gastric cancer and could be promoted to reduce gastric cancer rate in high-risk populations, especially in the developing regions.     

HPV vaccination coverage and willingness to be vaccinated among 18–30 year-old students in Italy

ObjectivesIn Italy, free HPV vaccination has been offered to 12 years-old girls since 2007, while for males only since 2015. The aims of our study were: to measure HPV vaccination coverage among young women; to assess willingness to receive HPV vaccination among unvaccinated males and females; to evaluate the association of coverage and attitudes with knowledge regarding HPV and with sexual behavior.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted in an Italian region among 18–30 year-old students attending medical and healthcare professions schools. Participants completed a self-administered questionnaire exploring knowledge, attitudes and behaviors related to HPV infections, sexually transmitted diseases and their prevention. Information on vaccination status was also verified for each student through the immunization records provided by the participants during the occupational medical visit.Results517 students were enrolled, with a 97% response rate. Of female participants, 40.5% had received at least one dose of HPV vaccine, while among unvaccinated participants, 60.5% stated their willingness to be vaccinated. A negative attitude towards HPV vaccination was associated with an older age, whereas a correct knowledge that both sexes are at risk of HPV infection, and the knowledge that vaccine protects against cervical cancer were confirmed to be associated to a willingness to receive HPV vaccination.ConclusionsOur results showed low HPV vaccination coverage among young women and high reported willingness to receive vaccination among both sexes. More active education on the link between HPV and all related cancers could be beneficial to help prevent significant burden of the HPV-related diseases.     

Exploring the effect of risk and benefit information provision on vaccination decision-making

In the era in which people are bombarded with misinformation about vaccination, research regarding the degree to which various types of risk or benefit information affect perceptions of vaccines and intentions to vaccinate is critical. The present research utilizes a robust methodology to quantify the extent to which risk and benefit information affects vaccination intentions. Our work demonstrates an inverse relationship between the perceived risks and benefits of a vaccine. By providing information about either risks or benefits of a vaccine, our findings suggest that we can change one's perception of both the risks and benefits of the vaccine. Considering that the main cognitive barriers to vaccination are related to concerns about efficacy and safety, our results suggest that vaccine messages can be framed to address the audience's main concerns, whether it be about the low efficacy of the vaccine or its safety, knowing that both frames would carry similar outcomes.